What is a jumbo loan?

As the name implies, a jumbo loan covers a larger-than-normal loan amount. More specifically, a jumbo loan is any mortgage that exceeds an area’s conforming loan limits, which are set yearly by the Federal Housing and Finance Agency (FHFA).

Many mortgage lenders offer jumbo loans up to $3 million or $5 million. You might be able to find jumbo loans in even higher amounts, especially if you work with a mortgage broker who specializes in them.

Jumbo loans can be used for primary residences, investment properties and vacation homes.

How do jumbo loans work?

Despite their “nonconforming” status, jumbo loans aren’t much different from traditional mortgages when it comes to the way they work. The payment schedules and other details are generally the same. Borrowers can get fixed- or adjustable-rate jumbo mortgages with various term options.

However, the interest rates on jumbo loans often differ from their conforming loan counterparts. Historically, they’ve been higher; however, the gap has closed of late. As of April 1, 2024, the 30-year jumbo rate was 7.06 percent, according to Bankrate’s survey of national lenders, vs. 6.93 percent for the traditional 30-year fixed loan. Part of the reason for this is an increase in guaranteed fees charged on conforming loans to lenders by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The maximum size of a jumbo loan varies by your mortgage lender and location, as does the exact qualifying guidelines. Because the market for jumbo loans is smaller, you might need to shop around a bit more to find one. It’s usually beneficial to work with a mortgage lender who specializes in them.

How to qualify for a jumbo loan

Jumbo lenders typically impose stricter underwriting guidelines than conforming mortgage lenders do. Because the loans aren’t backed by Fannie or Freddie, jumbo mortgages pose more risk to the lender. Overall, if you want to take out one of these hefty loans, you will need to make sure your financial profile is very good or excellent.

There are three common hurdles borrowers must clear to get approved for a jumbo loan: income, credit score and cash reserves (for making a down payment).